Knowledge-test reference

FAA test figures

Every legend and figure from the official FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement — the exact images the private pilot knowledge test references. Study them here, then practice the figure-reading questions in each lesson. Tap any figure to enlarge.

Source & provenance. Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement for Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, Remote Pilot, and Private Pilot (FAA-CT-8080-2). U.S. Government work — public domain (17 U.S.C. §105). Charts are not to scale and not for navigation. 83 of 98 figures apply to the airplane rating; the rest (rotorcraft, glider, balloon) are shown for completeness.

Chart symbols · 1

Legend 1. Sectional Aeronautical Chart Legend. The official legend for VFR sectional aeronautical charts: airport, airspace, navaid, obstruction and topographic symbols.
Legend 1. Sectional Aeronautical Chart LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Sectional chart reading · 16

Figure 20. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 20. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 21. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 21. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 22. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 22. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 23. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 23. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 24. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 24. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 25. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 25. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 26. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 26. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 59. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 59. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 69. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 69. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 70. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 70. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 71. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 71. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 74. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 74. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 75. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 75. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 76. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 76. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 78. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 78. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 80. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Excerpt from a VFR sectional aeronautical chart, reproduced from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport data, airspace boundaries, terrain and obstruction elevations, navaids and radio frequencies referenced by the associated test questions.
Figure 80. Sectional Chart ExcerptFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Chart Supplement (A/FD) · 24

Legend 2. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 2. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 3. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 3. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 4. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 4. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 5. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 5. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 6. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 6. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 7. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 7. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 8. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 8. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 9. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 9. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 10. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 10. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 11. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 11. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 12. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 12. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 13. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 13. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 14. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 14. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 15. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 15. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 16. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 16. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 17. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 17. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 18. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 18. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Legend 19. Chart Supplement Legend. Legend page explaining how to read Chart Supplement (Airport/Facility Directory) entries: airport, runway, frequency, lighting and services notation.
Legend 19. Chart Supplement LegendFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 31. Chart Supplement. Chart Supplement (formerly Airport/Facility Directory) entry from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport elevation, runway data, frequencies, lighting and remarks.
Figure 31. Chart SupplementFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 52. Chart Supplement. Chart Supplement (formerly Airport/Facility Directory) entry from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport elevation, runway data, frequencies, lighting and remarks.
Figure 52. Chart SupplementFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 63. Chart Supplement. Chart Supplement (formerly Airport/Facility Directory) entry from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport elevation, runway data, frequencies, lighting and remarks.
Figure 63. Chart SupplementFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 77. Chart Supplement. Chart Supplement (formerly Airport/Facility Directory) entry from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport elevation, runway data, frequencies, lighting and remarks.
Figure 77. Chart SupplementFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 79. Chart Supplement. Chart Supplement (formerly Airport/Facility Directory) entry from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport elevation, runway data, frequencies, lighting and remarks.
Figure 79. Chart SupplementFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 81. Chart Supplement. Chart Supplement (formerly Airport/Facility Directory) entry from the FAA knowledge-test supplement. Enlarge to read airport elevation, runway data, frequencies, lighting and remarks.
Figure 81. Chart SupplementFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Radio navigation · 1

Figure 28. VOR. VOR course deviation indicators with OBS settings and TO/FROM flags.
Figure 28. VORFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 27. Time Conversion Table. A table converting local standard time to coordinated universal time (UTC/Zulu).
Figure 27. Time Conversion TableFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 58. Compass Card. A magnetic compass correction (deviation) card relating headings to compass readings.
Figure 58. Compass CardFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 68. Wind Triangle. A wind triangle diagram resolving true course, wind, heading and groundspeed.
Figure 68. Wind TriangleFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Flight instruments · 6

Figure 3. Altimeter. A three-pointer sensitive altimeter face used to read altitude on the knowledge test.
Figure 3. AltimeterFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 4. Airspeed Indicator. An airspeed indicator with colored arcs (white, green, yellow) and the red radial line.
Figure 4. Airspeed IndicatorFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 5. Turn Coordinator. A turn coordinator showing the miniature airplane and the inclinometer ball.
Figure 5. Turn CoordinatorFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 6. Heading Indicator. A heading indicator (directional gyro) face.
Figure 6. Heading IndicatorFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 7. Attitude Indicator. An attitude indicator showing pitch and bank against the artificial horizon.
Figure 7. Attitude IndicatorFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 82. Altimeter. A sensitive altimeter face used to read altitude on the knowledge test.
Figure 82. AltimeterFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Aerodynamics · 2

Figure 1. Lift Vector. Diagram of the lift vector acting perpendicular to the relative wind on an airfoil.
Figure 1. Lift VectorFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 72. Velocity vs. G-Loads. A velocity-versus-load-factor (Vg) diagram showing maneuvering speed and structural limits.
Figure 72. Velocity vs. G-LoadsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Load factor · 1

Figure 2. Load Factor Chart. Chart relating bank angle to load factor (Gs) and the percentage increase in stall speed.
Figure 2. Load Factor ChartFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Weather reports · 2

Figure 12. Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR). A set of coded METAR aviation routine weather reports to decode.
Figure 12. Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR)FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 14. Pilot Weather Report (PIREP). A coded pilot weather report (PIREP/UA) to decode.
Figure 14. Pilot Weather Report (PIREP)FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Weather forecasts · 2

Figure 15. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF). Coded terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF) to decode.
Figure 15. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 17. Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast. A winds and temperatures aloft forecast (FB) table by altitude and station.
Figure 17. Winds and Temperatures Aloft ForecastFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Weather charts · 2

Figure 18. Weather Depiction Chart. A weather depiction chart showing ceilings, visibility and frontal positions.
Figure 18. Weather Depiction ChartFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 19. Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Prognostic Charts. Low-level significant weather prognostic charts (12/24-hour) with symbology.
Figure 19. Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Prognostic ChartsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Weather briefings · 1

Figure 13. Telephone Weather Briefing. A transcribed telephone weather briefing to interpret.
Figure 13. Telephone Weather BriefingFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Performance · 6

Figure 8. Density Altitude Chart. A density altitude computation chart: pressure altitude lines against outside air temperature.
Figure 8. Density Altitude ChartFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 35. Airplane Power Setting Table. A cruise power setting table relating pressure altitude, RPM and manifold pressure to power and fuel flow.
Figure 35. Airplane Power Setting TableFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 36. Crosswind Component Graph. A crosswind and headwind component graph: wind angle and velocity resolved into components.
Figure 36. Crosswind Component GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 37. Airplane Landing Distance Graph. A landing distance performance graph with reference lines for weight, wind and obstacle.
Figure 37. Airplane Landing Distance GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 38. Airplane Landing Distance Table. A landing distance table by pressure altitude, temperature and weight.
Figure 38. Airplane Landing Distance TableFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 40. Airplane Takeoff Distance Graph. A takeoff distance performance graph with reference lines for weight, wind and obstacle clearance.
Figure 40. Airplane Takeoff Distance GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Weight & balance · 6

Figure 32. Airplane Weight and Balance Tables. Airplane loading tables (empty weight, moments, useful load) for a weight-and-balance computation.
Figure 32. Airplane Weight and Balance TablesFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 33. Airplane Weight and Balance Tables. Additional airplane weight-and-balance loading tables and moment values.
Figure 33. Airplane Weight and Balance TablesFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 34. Airplane Weight and Balance Graphs. Airplane loading graph and center-of-gravity moment envelope for weight-and-balance problems.
Figure 34. Airplane Weight and Balance GraphsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 60. Weight and Balance Diagram. An airplane weight-and-balance loading diagram/graph for a CG computation.
Figure 60. Weight and Balance DiagramFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 61. Weight and Balance Diagram. An airplane weight-and-balance loading diagram/graph for a CG computation.
Figure 61. Weight and Balance DiagramFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 67. Weight and Balance Chart. An airplane weight-and-balance chart/table for a loading computation.
Figure 67. Weight and Balance ChartFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Airport operations · 6

Figure 47. VASI Illustrations. Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) light combinations for on, above and below glidepath.
Figure 47. VASI IllustrationsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 48. Airport Diagram. An airport diagram showing runways, taxiways, ramp areas and their identifiers.
Figure 48. Airport DiagramFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 49. Airport Diagram. An airport diagram showing runway layout, taxiways and hold positions.
Figure 49. Airport DiagramFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 50. Wind Sock / Airport Landing Indicator. A segmented circle with wind sock, landing strip and traffic pattern indicators.
Figure 50. Wind Sock / Airport Landing IndicatorFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 64. Airport Markings. Runway and taxiway pavement markings: thresholds, aiming points, hold lines and centerlines.
Figure 64. Airport MarkingsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 65. U.S. Airport Signs. The standard set of U.S. airport signs by color: mandatory, location, direction, destination and information.
Figure 65. U.S. Airport SignsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Ground operations · 1

Figure 9. Control Position for Taxi. Diagram of correct aileron and elevator positions when taxiing a tailwheel/tricycle airplane in quartering head and tailwinds.
Figure 9. Control Position for TaxiFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Ground reference maneuvers · 2

Figure 62. Rectangular Course. A rectangular course ground-reference diagram showing wind correction angles on each leg.
Figure 62. Rectangular CourseFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 66. S-Turn Diagram. An S-turns-across-a-road ground-reference diagram showing wind correction.
Figure 66. S-Turn DiagramFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Flight planning · 1

Figure 51. Flight Plan Form. A blank/filled FAA VFR flight plan form to interpret its fields.
Figure 51. Flight Plan FormFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

Other aircraft categories

These figures belong to the gyroplane, helicopter, glider and balloon tests — not the airplane rating. Included for completeness; you will not see them in airplane practice.

Figure 10. Gyroplane Rotor Blade Position. Gyroplane rotor blade control positions — applies to the gyroplane test, not airplane.
Figure 10. Gyroplane Rotor Blade PositionFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 11. Glider Yaw String. Glider yaw string reference — applies to the glider test, not airplane.
Figure 11. Glider Yaw StringFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 39. Gyroplane Takeoff and Landing Graphs. Gyroplane takeoff and landing performance graphs — gyroplane test only.
Figure 39. Gyroplane Takeoff and Landing GraphsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 41. Helicopter Weight and Balance Graph. Helicopter weight-and-balance graph — helicopter test only.
Figure 41. Helicopter Weight and Balance GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 42. Helicopter Weight and Balance Graphs. Helicopter weight-and-balance graphs — helicopter test only.
Figure 42. Helicopter Weight and Balance GraphsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 43. Helicopter CG Envelopes. Helicopter center-of-gravity envelopes — helicopter test only.
Figure 43. Helicopter CG EnvelopesFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 44. Gyroplane Weight and Balance Graph. Gyroplane weight-and-balance graph — gyroplane test only.
Figure 44. Gyroplane Weight and Balance GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 45. Gyroplane Weight and Balance Graph. Gyroplane weight-and-balance graph — gyroplane test only.
Figure 45. Gyroplane Weight and Balance GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 46. Helicopter Height Velocity Diagram. Helicopter height-velocity (dead-man’s curve) diagram — helicopter test only.
Figure 46. Helicopter Height Velocity DiagramFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 53. Glider Weight and Balance Diagram. Glider weight-and-balance diagram — glider test only.
Figure 53. Glider Weight and Balance DiagramFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 54. Glider Performance Graph. Glider performance (polar) graph — glider test only.
Figure 54. Glider Performance GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 55. Standard Soaring Signals. Standard soaring/tow signals — glider test only.
Figure 55. Standard Soaring SignalsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 56. Hot Air Balloon Performance Graph. Hot air balloon performance graph — balloon test only.
Figure 56. Hot Air Balloon Performance GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 57. Hot Air Balloon Performance Graph. Hot air balloon performance graph — balloon test only.
Figure 57. Hot Air Balloon Performance GraphFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation
Figure 73. Glider Hand Signals. Glider ground-handling hand signals — glider test only.
Figure 73. Glider Hand SignalsFAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement (FAA-CT-8080-2) · public domain · not for navigation

See our concept diagrams →